Melanoma

The primary cause of melanoma is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, either from sunlight or tanning beds. Other risk factors include having fair skin, a history of sunburns, numerous moles, a family history of melanoma, and a weakened immune system.

Diagnosis involves a biopsy, where a sample of the suspicious area is removed and examined under a microscope. Dermatologists may use the ABCDE rule (Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variations, Diameter larger than 6mm, Evolution or change) to assess whether a mole may be melanoma.

Melanoma is staged from 0 to IV, with stage 0 being melanoma in situ (confined to the top layer of skin) and stage IV indicating the cancer has spread to other organs. Staging helps determine the extent of the disease and guides treatment decisions.

Treatment options for melanoma depend on the stage of the cancer and may include surgical excision, lymph node removal, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy. The choice of treatment is individualized based on factors such as the patient's overall health and the characteristics of the melanoma.

A skin check performed by a dermatologist involves a thorough examination of the skin to identify any abnormalities, including moles, lesions, or other signs of skin conditions or skin cancer. This examination may be part of a routine check-up or may be prompted by specific concerns. The dermatologist assesses the size, shape, color, and texture of moles, and may perform additional tests or biopsies if necessary for further evaluation. Regular skin checks are essential for early detection and management of skin issues, and, skin cancer.

You should apply sunscreen every day, regardless of weather. Even on cloudy days and during the winter, UV rays can still penetrate the clouds and cause skin damage. Sunscreen needs time to be absorbed into the skin. Apply it at least 15-30 minutes before going outdoors and reapply every two hours.